INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING II

The purpose of this course is to teach students the principles and applications of accounting for a merchandising business.

Learning Objectives:

1. Apply accounting principles for a service enterprise and expand on those principles for a merchandising business.
2. Apply steps involved in the accounting cycle to a merchandising business.
3. Analyze and record specific transactions involving valuating and maintaining records for receivables, inventories, and plant and equipment.
4. Define a partnership form of enterprise and analyze and record transactions involving a partnership.
5. Use the computer in accounting for accounts receivable, accounts payable, and general ledger for a merchandising business.

Specific Course Objectives (includes SCANS):

After studying the material presented in the text and online, the student should be able to complete all behavioral/learning objectives listed below with a minimum competency of 70% on assignments and exams. 

1. Apply accounting principles for a service enterprise and expand on those principles for a merchandising business.

a. Use accounting terms presented in previous instruction and learn and use additional accounting terms. (1a-v, 1b-v)

b. Analyze financial activities of a merchandising business - including purchases and sales of merchandise, trade discounts, cash discounts, return of merchandise by customer or to supplier, and transportation charges on merchandise deliveries. (1a-i, 1b-ii, 1b-iv, 1c-i, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii)

c. Classify accounts, including new accounts presented for a merchandising business. (1b-ii)

2. Apply steps involved in the accounting cycle to a merchandising business.

a. Analyze and record transactions in the appropriate journal - Sales, Purchases, Cash Receipts, Cash Payments, or General - or in a Voucher Register, or Check Register if using a voucher system. (1a-i, 1a-ii, 1b-i, 1b-ii, 1b-vi, 1c-i, 2a-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

b. Post from journal(s) to ledger(s), including both individual posting and summary posting to general ledger, accounts receivable ledger, and/or accounts payable ledger. (1a-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

c. Prepare a trial balance. (1a-i, 1a-iii)

d. Prepare schedules of accounts receivable and accounts payable. (1a-ii, 1a-iii)

e. Determine adjustments needed and record on a work sheet (involving adjustments for merchandise inventory, unearned revenue, depreciation, expired insurance, supplies used, estimated losses from bad debts, and accrued wages or salaries).

f. Prepare a work sheet. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1b-vi, 2a-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

g. Prepare financial statements (income statement, statement of owner's equity, and classified balance sheet). (1a-ii, 1a-iii)

h. Analyze financial statements by computing working capital, current and quick ratios, return on owner's equity, accounts receivable turnover average, and inventory turnover average. (1a-iii)

i. Journalize and post adjusting entries. (1a-i, 1a-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

j. Journalize and post closing entries. (1a-i, 1a-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

k. Prepare a post-closing trial balance. (1a-ii, 1a-iii)

l. Determine which adjusting entries require reversal and journalize and post needed reversing entries. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

3. Analyze and record specific transactions involving valuating and maintaining records for receivables, inventories, and plant and equipment.

a. Make the adjusting entry to record estimated bad-debt losses by using the allowance method of handling bad debts. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1c-i, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

b. Determine the amount off the adjusting entry to record estimated bad-debt losses by aging Accounts Receivable or by using a percentage of Accounts Receivable. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1c-i, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

c. Calculate the amount of the adjusting entry to record estimated bad-debt losses by using a percentage of Sales or Net Sales. (1a-iii)

d. Journalize the entries to write off specific Accounts Receivable accounts as uncollectible using the allowance method of accounting for bad-debt losses. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

e. Journalize the entries to reinstate specific Accounts Receivable accounts previously written off. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

f. Journalize the entries to write off specific Accounts Receivable accounts as uncollective using the direct write-off method of accounting for bad-debt losses. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

g. Determine unit cost, the value of ending inventory, and the cost of merchandise sold by the following methods: (a) specific identification, (b) weighted-average cost, (c) first-in, first-out (FIFO), (d) last-in, first-out (LIFO). (1a-iii)

h. Journalize transactions relating to perpetual inventories. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

i. Allocate costs to Land, Land improvements, and Building accounts. (1b-i, 1b-ii)

j. Calculate depreciation by the straight-line method, units-of-production method, double-declining-balance method, and sum-of-the-years'-digits methods. (1a-iii, 1b-ii, 1b-iii)

4. Define a partnership form of enterprise and analyze and record transactions involving a partnership.

a. Journalize opening entries to form a partnership. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

b. Prepare a section of an income statement relating to division of net income of a partnership involving division of income based on ratio of fractional shares, based on ratio of capital investments, and/or based on salary and interest allowances. (1a-ii, 1a-iii, 1b-ii)

c. Journalize the closing entries for a partnership. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)

d. Prepare a statement of owner's equity for a partnership. (1a-ii, 1a-iii)

5. Use the computer in accounting for accounts receivable, accounts payable, and general ledger for a merchandising business.

a. Process Accounts Receivable transactions by entering the transactions into the computer system. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-iii, 2c-iv)

b. Edit and correct Accounts Receivable entries. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv)

c. Generate reports related to Accounts Receivable. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)

d. Process Accounts Payable transactions by entering the transactions into the computer system. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv)

e. Edit and correct Accounts Payable entries. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv)

f. Generate reports related to Accounts Payable. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)

g. Complete a general ledger problem for a merchandising business. (1b-ii, 2a-i, 2a-iii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv, 2e-i, 2e-ii)

h. Generate journal and ledger reports. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)

i. Generate schedules of accounts payable and accounts receivable. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)

j. Verify the accuracy of computer-generated reports. (1b-i, 1b-vi)

Course Content:

Students in all sections of Introduction to Accounting II will be required to do the following:

1. Students will submit assignments, including quizzes, throughout the semester based on the course content presented in that assignment.
2. Students will complete three hands-on, application exams using accounting forms and/or computerized accounting software.
3. Students will complete four online exams, including the final exam, testing their knowledge of accounting principles and practices.

Methods of Instruction/Course Format/Delivery:

Students in both the traditional class and in the Internet class will have access to this course via Canvas. Students in the traditional class will meet regularly for lecture over the material. Students in the Internet class will only be required to meet with the instructor for testing; however, Internet students are always welcome to attend the traditional class. Resources provided through Canvas include:

• A calendar displaying assignments, due dates for assignments, and testing info
• Online assignments
• Learning aids, including handouts, sample problems, slide presentations, and tutorials
• Email (totally contained within Canvas)

All assignments will be submitted through Canvas. After the assignment has been graded, the student will be able to view his or her grade by returning to the assignment or by clicking the Grades link in the left banner. The student will also be able to view any accounting forms returned with the assignment. (Traditional students will have the forms returned in class.)

Three exams will include hands-on application tests; students will be able to view the solutions to online testing; however, students will not be able to view the answers to the applications online. They will be able, however, to see their grades in Grades and drop by the office to review their exams. Additionally, students will receive an e-mail report of their performance on the applications portion of the exam. Generally work will be graded and posted within two days following the deadline.

Students in both the traditional and Internet classes should use the Email within Canvas to communicate with the instructor. Using Canvas email gives access to the instructor and other classmates without having to remember or type email addresses - just select a name from the list. If unable to contact the instructor using email in Canvas, external email may be used. Replies are generally within 24 hours or less (excluding weekends and holidays); accordingly, if no reply is received, the student should re-send the message since a delivery failure could have occurred. Students should include a subject line with email.